“小菁看世界”为您带来每周科普、人文、体育、艺术等方面的趣味知识拓展，帮助孩子打开视野看世界~
特别要感谢“小菁看世界”的志愿者团队：Esther、Rachel、Daisy、Dorothy爸爸、Angelia，以及大神Kirk老师，在自己繁忙的工作之余，为我们翻译、校对文稿。
本期优秀小主播来自上海民办中芯、上中国际、打一外国语学校、康健外国语、浦东海桐小学、华附实小（排序不分先后）。
菁kids也把所有中、英文内容打包成了“看世界资源”，您可在公众号后台输入 “小菁看世界” 领取！
编辑 | Emma、高晴
文、图、视频 | 整理自网络
– 01 –
收钱却交白卷，丹麦艺术家创作《拿钱跑路》
中文小主播：Chelsey Yi
艺术家们的标新立异、怪招频出，我们已经看过很多了。但最近轰动了欧洲的一件画坛奇闻，又再度刷新了艺术家耍个性的底线——丹麦知名艺术家延斯·哈宁，日前如期交付了昆斯滕现代艺术博物馆向他定制的两件作品，但当工作人员拆开包装时，却目瞪口呆地发现：只有两幅空画框！
与此同时，艺术家还在发给策展人的电子邮件中表示：这就是他的作品，主题为毁约——没错，他直接侵吞了博物馆给他用来创作新作品的这笔钱，约合人民币54万多元。这两个空白画框所代表的“作品”，他也给取了名字，简单直白，叫做“拿钱跑路”。
这件事的起因是这样的：今年56岁的延斯·哈宁是丹麦颇有名气的当代艺术家，早在20世纪90年代便在欧洲艺术界崭露头角。他有两件作品格外出名，一件是2007年首次展出的《丹麦人平均年收入》，另一件是2010年问世的《奥地利人平均年收入》。
这两件作品，他都直接用等值的钞票来直观展示，也就是分别把32.8万克朗和2.5万欧元的真钞铺就在画框中构成。这两幅作品中所展示的现金总额，也就是当年丹麦和奥地利的人均年收入。
此次，昆斯滕现代艺术博物馆计划举办新展时，也将延斯·哈宁的这两件作品纳入展出计划。他们希望艺术家能再做两件同样的作品，并在展览后将其纳入馆藏。根据合同约定，为了让艺术家毫无负担地拿出足够的现钞来“装框”，博物馆给他预支了53.8万克朗的费用，以供用料所需。
合约里同时也写清楚了：这笔钱在展览结束后需要归还，也就是将作品留给博物馆收藏。据报道，除了材料费之外，博物馆还单独付了约合人民币4.4万的报酬给到艺术家。
博物馆馆长拉塞·安德森表示，自己刚看到这两件作品时“忍不住笑了出来。”他礼貌地表示，正如艺术家所言，这也的确不失为“更加有趣”的作品。“博物馆将这两幅空白画框挂在了原先安排的展出位置上，供观众们欣赏。
最后安德森也不忘补充说，他们相信并希望艺术家最终能把钱还回来。目前馆方还不准备起诉哈宁，因为依照合约，要到明年1月16日本次展览结束时，他们才会跟艺术家“清账”。只要在这个期限之前哈宁能还钱，就不会走法律程序。
消息来源：新华社
Should A Blank Canvas Be Considered Art One Dutch Artist Certainly Thinks So
By Max
A mirror coated in red paint, a banana stuck to the wall with duct tape, and an invisible sculpture — these are just a few of the abstract artworks that have recently sold for astounding amounts. Now, Dutch artist Jens Haaning has taken the genre to a whole new level. His aptly named “TAKE THE MONEY AND RUN” masterpiece, comprising two empty frames, have set a local museum back 534,000 Danish krone ($84,000)!
Earlier this year, the Kunsten Museum of Modern Art in Aalborg, Denmark, commissioned Haaning to create two pieces for their upcoming “Work It Out” exhibit. Per their written agreement, the artist would use the 534,000 Danish krone lent to him by the museum to reproduce two of his previous artworks about labor. The first, An Average Austrian Year Income, displayed euro bills on a canvas in a frame, while the second, focusing on Danish incomes, did the same using krone notes. But when the museum opened the boxes the artist sent prior to the exhibit’s opening on September 24, 2021, they found two blank frames titled “TAKE THE MONEY AND RUN.”
The museum officials admit that Haaning’s artwork is thought-provoking and unique and have even included the pieces in the exhibit. But museum director Lasse Andersson expects the artist to fulfill his contractual obligation and return the money when the exhibition ends in January 2022. “I absolutely want to give Jens the right to say that a new work has been created in its own right, which actually comments on the exhibition we have,” Andersson told Danish radio. “But that is not the agreement we had.”
However, Haaning thinks his artwork is perfect for the exhibit, which examines the relationship between art and labor. He argues that the empty canvases highlight the unfair working conditions of many artists, including himself. The 56-year-old says the museum’s 15,000 krone ($2,300) stipend for the artworks was not even enough to cover his costs. “The work is that I have taken their money,” he told Danish radio. “It’s not theft. It is breach of contract, and breach of contract is part of the work.”
Source from：the Guardian.com, Artnet.com
– 02 –
电子废弃物在迪拜被回收和利用
中文小主播：Nicole
放眼全球，电子废弃物的数量正在惊人地增长。2019年，超过5300万公吨的电子产品成为了废弃物，2050年这个数字将会继续翻倍。
目前只有不到20%的二手电子产品被回收，这意味着很多有价值的资源将会被浪费，比如，电子产品部件中的银、铜和钢。2019年废弃的电子设备含有价值5700万美元的资源，而其中4700万美元的资源就没有被回收和利用。
在非洲只有1%的电子废弃物被重新运到回收厂。这让Envoroserve，世界最大电子产品回收商看到了机会。
随着电子废弃物全球性的增长，这家工厂在迪拜建造了一座可以14倍于目前效率处理废弃物的工厂。工厂可以处理来自10个中东和非洲国家的废弃物，并可将电子产品里98%的材料循环再利用，变成原材料，然后卖给汽车、IT 和建筑行业生产商。
消息来源：CNN10
翻译：Esther
Recycling the Middle East
By Chloe
Across the globe, electronic waste is piling up. In 2019, over 53 million metric tons of electronics ended up in the trash, and that number is expected to double by 2050.
But less than 20% of used electronics are currently recycled. This means a lot of valuable resources are literally going to waste.
Among the components are bits of silver, copper, gold and steel. In total, scraps of electronic devices represented $57 billion-worth of resources in 2019, of which $47 billion-worth wasn’t recycled.
Africa holds the lowest rate of formal e-waste recycling in the world — only 1% of binned devices are redirected to recycling plants. But Enviroserve, one of the world’s largest electronics recyclers, see this as an opportunity.
With e-waste on the rise globally, the company has built a plant in Dubai capable of processing 14 times more e-waste than it does today. It processes waste from 10 countries across the Middle East and Africa and can recycle up to 98% of the material from an electronic device into raw materials, which are then sold to manufacturers in the automotive, IT and construction industries.
Source from: CNN10
– 03 –
加州理工让无人机长出双足
中文小主播：Yoyo Xie
能走能飞，这才是最酷的双足机器人吧？！有的机器人可以行走，有的可以飞行。你见过既能行走又能飞行的双足机器人吗？
加州理工学院的研究人员就打造了这样一台机器人，这款机器人小名叫Leo，大名Leonardo。名字其实是研究人员玩的一个文字游戏，缩写自带腿无人机（LEgs ONboARD drOne）。
该机器人结合了行走和飞行，创造了一种新型的运动方式，使其异常灵活，能够进行复杂的运动。日前，该研究相关的论文登上了 Science Robotics 封面。
LEO 走路时就像穿着高跟鞋，但这些“高跟鞋“可以让它保持平衡；LEO 还能飞行，飞行落地后还能自由行走；LEO 滑滑板过障碍也毫不费力，看起来比初级滑板爱好者还要厉害；高难度的走绳索也能顺利通过!
这样的平衡能力LEO是怎么做到的？原来设计灵感来自鸟类。论文的通讯作者，加州理工加州理工学院客座研究员Soon-Jo Chung表示，LEO的设计灵感来自鸟类在电线之间移动跳跃的方式。机器人要向鸟类学习的是在飞行和行走模式之间的正确切换。
研究人员计划下次再做展示时要造出两个LEO机器人，然后让他们对打羽毛球和网球。该团队还设想，这个创意未来还能运用到火星上！未来的火星旋翼机可以配备腿式起落架，以便这些空中机器人降落在倾斜或不平坦的地形上时，可以保持身体平衡，从而降低在具有挑战性的着陆条件下失败的风险。”
消息来源：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abf8136
Caltech builds a walking drone that can fly, skateboard and slackline
By Emily Pan
Walk and fly?! This must be the coolest bipedal robot ever! Robots that can walk or fly are quite common these days, but have your seen a bipedal robot that can do both? Researchers at Caltech have built one called Leonardo (short for LEgs ONboARD drOne) or Leo for short.
The robot carves out a new type of locomotion that combines walking with flying, making it exceptionally nimble and capable of complex movements. A paper about the LEO robot was featured on the Oct 2021 cover of Science Robotics. LEO walks like it’s wearing “high heels,” which are in fact propellers, to keep its balance. LEO can fly and walk after landing. It can ride a skateboard through obstacles more skillfully than an entry-level skateboarder, and it can even walk on the challenging slackline!
Where does LEO get its uncanny balance? Birds are the source of inspiration. “Think about the way birds are able to flap and hop to navigate telephone lines,” says Soon-Jo Chung, corresponding author and Bren Professor of Aerospace and Control and Dynamical Systems. “Robots need to learn from the way birds switch between flying and walking.”
Researchers plan to have two LEO robots playing badminton and tennis against each other in the next demonstration. The team also envisions applying it to Mars in future! Future Mars rotorcraft could be equipped with legged landing gear so that the body balance of these aerial robots could be maintained as they land on sloped or uneven terrains, thereby reducing the risk of failure under challenging landing conditions.
Source：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abf8136
Translated by：Rachel
Proofread by：Kirk
– 04 –
关于诺贝尔的5个趣事
中文小主播：陈斯语
上周，多个学科的科学家，理论学者，作家名流成为了新晋的诺贝尔奖得主。每年的诺贝尔奖得主的公布都会引起一阵热议。这些诺贝尔奖得主们会在10月10日，也就是该奖项的创立者，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔逝世的日子接受瑞典皇室授予的一枚金质奖牌，以示纪念。
今天，我们来了解一下有关诺贝尔奖的5个小知识：
1.什么是诺贝尔奖？
诺贝尔奖是国际最高荣誉之一，用以奖励人们在物理学，化学，生理学或医学，文学以及和平领域做出的贡献。第一个诺贝尔奖项是在1901年颁发的。
经济学领域没有诺贝尔奖，但是杰出的经济学家们有机会获得”纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔瑞典银行经济学奖”，这是瑞典中央银行在1968年设立的。
2.诺贝尔奖的起源？
诺贝尔奖是按照出生于1833年的瑞典企业家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的遗嘱设立的。
19世纪中期，诺贝尔慢慢开始发迹，这笔财富来源于他研究出了引爆硝化甘油（一种新发现的炸药）的更安全的方法。但其实他的名声源于他发明了甘油炸药。
在诺贝尔去世的前一年—-1895年，他签署了一份遗嘱，遗嘱中写到，“我留下的所有可变现资产”都要用作设立诺贝尔奖的基金。
3.谁来评选诺贝尔奖？
按照诺贝尔的遗愿，瑞典皇家科学院负责物理和化学学科的诺贝尔奖。1969年它他又被授予颁布“诺贝尔经济学奖”的权利。
瑞典文学院成立于1786年，是国王古斯塔夫三世为了发展瑞典的语言文化而设，负责颁发诺贝尔文学奖。
和平奖则由一个5人委员会来决定，其成员由挪威议会选举得出。
4.诺贝尔奖有哪些奖励？
诺贝尔奖得主们会被称为桂冠得主，在古代，只有被授予月桂花环的冠军们才会获此称号。
诺贝尔奖得主们会收到一枚金质奖牌和一份获奖证书，这份证书上饰有知名画家和书法家的作品。
奖金来自诺贝尔的财产投资所得的收入。目前全额奖金总额是800万瑞典克朗，约合 130 万美元。
5.谁会获得诺贝尔奖？
诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中写到，以他的名字命名的奖项“不考虑候选者的国籍”。相反，他规定“最有价值的人将会得到这个奖项。
马拉拉·尤萨夫扎伊，赢得了2014年的诺贝尔和平奖，那年她17岁，是最年轻的诺贝尔奖获得者。年龄最大的诺贝尔奖获得者是里奥尼德·赫维克兹，在他2007年与他人共同获得经济学奖项时，已经90岁了。
有50多位女性赢得了该奖项，其中玛丽·居里夫人两次拿到该奖项—-1903年的诺贝尔物理学奖和1911年的诺贝尔化学奖。
居里夫人是第一位赢得诺贝尔奖的女性，第二位则是诺贝尔的朋友， 贝尔塔·冯·苏特纳，她在1905年因其激进的和平主义获得诺贝尔和平奖。
本文由百度翻译 & 北语高翻联合独家翻译出品
翻译：程慧敏 校对：李梅娟 编辑：李梅娟
消息来源: Straitstimes
5 Fun Facts about the Nobel Prize
By Sybil
Last week, assorted scientists, academics, writers and personalities have found themselves newly minted as Nobel laureates.The annual announcements of the new Nobel Prize winners are made with much fanfare, and laureates will each receive a gold medal from Swedish royalty on Dec-10, the anniversary of prize founder Alfred Nobel’s death. Here are several things you need to know about one of the most prestigious brain trust awards in the world.
1.WHAT IS THE NOBEL PRIZE?
The Nobel Prize refers to one of the highest international honours awarded for contributions to the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. The first of the Nobel Prizes was handed in 1901.
There is no Nobel Prize in Economics, but outstanding economists are eligible for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, established by Sweden’s central bank in 1968.
2.HOW DID IT COME ABOUT?
The Nobel Prizes were set up in the will of Alfred Nobel, a Swedish entrepreneur born in 1833. Nobel built up the family coffers in the mid-19th century by developing safer methods for detonating the recently discovered explosive nitroglycerine.
His claim to fame, however, stems from his invention of dynamite. In a will signed in 1895, the year before he died, Nobel wrote that “the whole of my remaining realisable estate” should be used to set up a fund for the Nobel Prizes.
3.WHO DECIDES?
In accordance with Nobel’s will, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences administers the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry. It was also given the responsibility for the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969. The Swedish Academy, founded in 1786 by King Gustaf III to promote the Swedish language and literature, awards the Nobel Prize in Literature.
The Nobel Peace Prize is decided by a five-person committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament.
4.WHAT DO YOU GET FOR IT?
Prize winners are called laureates, after the Greek laurel wreath given to champions in ancient times. Nobel laureates receive gold medals as well as diplomas decorated with the work of renowned artists and calligraphers. The prize money comes out of income from investments made with the late Nobel’s estate. The purse is currently 8 million kronor (S$1.3 million) for the full award.
5.WHO WINS NOBEL PRIZES?
Nobel wrote in his will that “no consideration be given to the nationality of the candidates” for his namesake prizes. Instead, he stipulated that “the most worthy shall receive the prize, whether he be Scandinavian or not”. Malala Yousafzai, who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize at the age of 17, is the youngest Nobel winner. The oldest, Leonid Hurwicz, was 90 when jointly awarded the economics prize in 2007.
More than Fifty women have clinched the awards, with Marie Sklodowska Curie taking the prize home twice – for physics in 1903 and chemistry in 1911. Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, followed by Nobel’s friend Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, who won the Peace Prize in 1905 for her pacifist activism.
Source from: Straitstimes
– 05 –
2022北京冬奥会知多少
中文小主播：宋有赫
2022年冬奥会是即将举行的一次体育盛事，为了防控疫情，2022年冬奥会不对境外观众售票，只针对国内观众售票。
2022北京冬奥会有多少个观众坐席？
答案是可以容纳观众约一万八千人。
根据初步设计，国家体育场原有玻璃幕墙将改造为冰状玻璃砖，充分引入自然采光，通过外遮阳和内遮阳系统调节自然采光，最大限度地降低照明能耗。改造后的国家体育场将升级为绿色二星级建筑，不仅对环境无害，而且可以充分利用环境自然资源。
在能源方面，国家体育场将采用水源热泵技术，利用地下水作为冷热源，向水体放热或吸热作为空调冷热源，不消耗水资源，不造成污染。
2022年第24届冬季奥运会将在中国北京和张家口举行。因此，第24届冬奥会现在也被称为“北京张家口冬奥会”。这是中国历史上第一次举办冬奥会，也是继2008年北京奥运会之后的又一次奥运盛会。这也使北京成为奥运历史上第一个举办夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的城市。开幕式将在国家体育中心的鸟巢举行。
2022年北京冬奥会会徽以汉字“冬天”为灵感来源，运用中国书法艺术形式，将深厚的东方文化底蕴与国际现代风格融为一体，呈现新时代中国的新形象、新梦想。
消息来源：腾讯新闻
How much do you know about the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics？
By Mina
The 2022 Winter Olympics is an upcoming sports event. In order to prevent and control the epidemic, the 2022 Winter Olympics will not sell tickets to overseas audiences and only sell tickets to domestic audiences.
How many spectators will be contained in the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics? The answer is about 18,000 people. According to the preliminary design, the original glass curtain wall of the National Stadium will be transformed into ice-shaped glass bricks to fully bring in natural lighting and adjust natural lighting through external and internal shading systems to minimize lighting energy consumption. The transformed National Stadium will be upgraded to a green two-star building, which is not only harmless to the environment, but also can make full use of environmental natural resources.
In terms of smart energy use, the National Stadium will use water source heat pump technology, using groundwater as a source of cold and heat and radiating or absorbing heat to the water for air conditioning, without consuming water resources or causing pollution. The 24th Winter Olympics in 2022 will be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou, China, and will therefore be known as the “Beijing Zhangjiakou Winter Olympics.” This is the first time the Winter Olympics has been held in China, and it is also another Olympic event after the 2008 Beijing Olympics. This also makes Beijing be the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The opening ceremony will be held in the Bird’s Nest of the National Sports Center. The emblem of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics is inspired by the Chinese character “Winter” and uses Chinese calligraphy to integrate the profound oriental cultural heritage with the international modern style, presenting the new image and dream of China in the new era.
Source: Tencent News
Translated by: 高晴
Proofread by: Kirk
QUIZ
- 丹麦艺术家延斯·哈宁的主要艺术作品有哪些？
- 回收后的电子产品制作成原材料后，可以用于哪些行业？
- 具有平衡能力的机器人Leo，其设计灵感来自于什么？
- 居里夫人一共获得过几次诺贝尔奖呢？
- 奥运历史上第一个举办夏季奥运会和冬季奥运会的城市是哪里？
*公众号对话栏输入”QUIZ“，可获取答案
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